First, the optical fiber used in fiber-optic communication as a transmission medium has extremely low transmission loss. Optical fiber is mainly composed of high-purity silica (i.e. quartz), which has very low absorption and scattering losses in the optical band. Therefore, when the optical signal is transmitted in the optical fiber, it can maintain a high energy and reduce the loss caused by the transmission medium itself. At the same time, the manufacturing process of optical fiber is also constantly improving. By optimizing the structure of the optical fiber and reducing the impurity content in the optical fiber, the transmission loss can be further reduced.
Secondly, high-performance light sources and detectors are used in optical fiber communication systems. The light source is one of the key components of the optical fiber communication system, and its performance directly affects the intensity and stability of the optical signal. Modern optical fiber communication systems usually use lasers as light sources. Lasers have the characteristics of high optical power, high stability and long life, and can provide stable and powerful optical signals. The detector is a key component that converts the received optical signal into an electrical signal. Its sensitivity and response speed directly affect the quality of signal reception. By using high-performance light sources and detectors, the optical fiber communication system can further reduce transmission losses and improve the transmission quality of signals.
In addition, optical fiber communication also uses a variety of technical means to reduce transmission losses and extend relay distances. For example, optical amplifiers and repeaters are used to compensate for the energy loss of optical signals, anti-reflection coatings are used to reduce end-face reflection losses, and the fiber wiring paths are optimized and the appropriate fiber types are selected. The comprehensive application of these technical means enables the fiber optic communication system to maintain low loss and high signal quality in long-distance transmission.
The reason why fiber optic communication has the characteristics of low transmission loss and long relay distance is mainly due to the high-quality transmission media, high-performance light sources and detectors, and a variety of technical means to reduce loss.
