General implementation steps of all-optical communication FTTD (Fiber To The Desk) Ethernet
Publish Time: 2024-09-18
Network planning stage
- Demand analysis
- Evaluate user requirements for network bandwidth, latency, reliability, etc. For example, in a high-definition video production company, high bandwidth is required to transmit a large amount of video data, and each user desktop may require at least 10Gbps of stable bandwidth; while in an ordinary office environment, 1Gbps of bandwidth per desktop may be enough to meet the needs of daily office software, email and web browsing.
- Topology design
- Design the network topology according to the structure of the building and the distribution of users. Common topologies include star and tree. In a multi-story office building, a tree topology can be used. The core switch is located in the computer room and connected to the aggregation switch on each floor through optical fiber, and then connected from the aggregation switch to the access point of each desktop through optical fiber.
- Determine the path of optical fiber wiring, considering the feasibility, cost and aesthetics of wiring. Try to make use of existing bridges, pipelines and other facilities in the building to avoid damage to the building structure.
Equipment selection
- Optical fiber and optical module
- Select the appropriate type of optical fiber, such as single-mode fiber or multi-mode fiber. Single-mode fiber is suitable for long-distance transmission, generally tens of kilometers; multi-mode fiber has a shorter transmission distance, usually within a few hundred meters, but the cost is relatively low.
- Select the corresponding optical module according to the network speed and transmission distance requirements. For example, for 10Gbps network transmission, multi-mode optical modules can be selected for short distances (such as within 300 meters), while single-mode optical modules are required for long-distance transmission (such as more than 10 kilometers).
- Optical switches and optical terminal equipment
- Select optical switches with sufficient port numbers and high-performance switching capabilities. The switching capacity of the core optical switch must be able to meet the total data traffic of all access devices. For example, in a network with 1,000 desktop terminals, if the average bandwidth requirement of each terminal is 1Gbps, the switching capacity of the core optical switch should be at least 1Tbps.
Cabling construction
- Fiber laying
- Lay the fiber according to the designed wiring path. During the laying process, it is important to note that the bending radius of the optical fiber should not be too small. Generally, the bending radius of single-mode optical fiber should not be less than 10 times the outer diameter of the optical fiber, and that of multimode optical fiber should not be less than 15 times the outer diameter of the optical fiber, so as to avoid increasing the loss of the optical fiber.
- The optical fiber joints should be well fused or mechanically connected. When fusion splicing, the fusion loss should be within the specified range. Generally, the fusion loss should be less than 0.05dB.
- Marking and testing
- Mark each optical fiber, indicating its starting point, end point, purpose and other information for later maintenance and management.
- Use test equipment such as optical time domain reflectometer (OTDR) to test the laid optical fiber, detect parameters such as the length, loss, and breakpoint position of the optical fiber, and ensure that the transmission performance of the optical fiber meets the design requirements.
Network configuration and debugging
- Switch configuration
- Configure the optical switch, including VLAN (virtual local area network) division, IP address allocation, port configuration, etc. For example, different VLANs can be divided according to different departments or business needs. Users of the finance department can be divided into one VLAN, and users of the R&D department can be divided into another VLAN. This can improve network security and management efficiency.
- Configure the QoS (quality of service) policy of the optical switch to prioritize the network bandwidth requirements according to different business types. For example, voice call services require low latency, so a higher priority can be set; while file download services can be set at a lower priority.
- Terminal equipment debugging
- Debug the optical terminal equipment to ensure that the connection between it and the optical switch is normal. During the debugging process, check whether the intensity of the optical signal is within the normal range. Generally, the optical receiving power should be between
-20dBm and -3dBm. If the optical power is too low, it may cause unstable data transmission or packet loss.
- Perform network configuration on the user terminal equipment, such as setting the IP address, subnet mask, default gateway, etc., to ensure that users can access network resources normally.
Network maintenance and management
- Performance monitoring
- Use network management software to monitor the performance of the all-optical communication network in real time. The monitoring indicators include network bandwidth utilization, packet delay, packet loss rate, etc. For example, network administrators can use network management software to collect network performance data every certain period of time (such as 5 minutes) and generate performance reports to promptly detect the downward trend of network performance.
- When abnormal network performance is found, such as a sudden increase in bandwidth utilization and an increase in packet loss rate, timely troubleshooting is carried out. Check from multiple aspects such as network equipment, optical fiber links, and user terminals to find out the root cause of the problem and take corresponding solutions.
- Troubleshooting
- Establish a complete troubleshooting process and emergency plan. When a network failure occurs, first check the physical link (whether the optical fiber is broken, whether the optical connector is loose, etc.), then check the equipment (whether the optical switch and optical terminal equipment are working properly), and finally check the software configuration to troubleshoot.
- For optical fiber failure, if the optical fiber is broken, a fiber fusion splicer is needed to repair it; if the optical connector is contaminated or damaged, it needs to be cleaned or replaced. For equipment failure, if it is an optical switch failure, you can try to restart the device or replace the faulty module; if it is an optical terminal device failure, you can replace it with a spare device.
